Steve Wozniak to the FCC: Keep the Internet Free
By Steve Wozniak
Dec 21 2010, 8:30 AM ET
To whom it may concern:
I have always loved humor and laughter. As a young engineer I got an
impulse to start a Dial-a-Joke in the San Jose/San Francisco area. I was
aware of such humor services in other countries, such as Australia.
This idea came from my belief in laughter. I could scarcely believe that
I was the first person to create such a simple service in my region.
Why was I the first? This was 1972 and it was illegal in the U.S. to use
your own telephone. It was illegal in the U.S. to use your own
answering machine. Hence it also virtually impossible to buy or own such
devices. We had a monopoly phone system in our country then.
The major expense for a young engineer is the rent of an apartment.
The only answering machine I could legally use, by leasing (not
purchasing) it from our phone company, the Codaphone 700, was designed
for businesses like theaters. It was out of the price range of creative
individuals wanting to try something new like dial-a-joke. This machine
leased for more than a typical car payment each month. Despite my great
passion and success with Dial-a-Joke, I could not afford it and
eventually had to stop after a couple of years. By then, a San Francisco
radio station had also started such a service. I believe that my
Dial-a-Joke was the most called single line (no extensions) number in
the country at that time due to the shortness of my jokes and the high
popularity of the service.
Yes, my guard stood hard when abstract threats
Too nobel to neglect
Deceived me into thinking
I had something to protect
Good and bad, I define these terms
Quite clear, no doubt somehow
Ahh, but I was so much older then
I'm younger than that now
-- Bob Dylan
Moving ahead, I have owned four homes in my life. None of these had
cable TV, even though one was a new development where the law required
cable. None of these had DSL, including my current home, which is only
.8 miles up a hill from the populous (constant-homes) town I live in. I
pay for a T1 line, which costs many times what DSL runs for about 1/10
the bandwidth. That's as close as I can come to broadband where I live.
The local phone providers don't have any obligation to serve all of
their phone customers with DSL. They also have no requirement to service
everyone living in the geographic area for which they have a monopoly.
This is what has happened without regulatory control, despite every
politician and president and CEO and PR person since the beginning of
the Internet boon saying how important it was to ensure that everyone be
provided broadband access.
As a side note, I once phoned the cable company in the town I lived
in. I could look from my bedroom window at homes ¾ of a mile away which
had cable. I told the cable company that I would be willing to pay the
cost of laying cable to my home. The cable company looked into it and
got back to me that they could not do this because there were not enough
homes on my hill to pay for the monthly rental of running their cable
on telephone poles.
In the earliest days of satellite TV to homes, you would buy a
receiver and pay a fee to get all the common cable channels. I had a
large family (two adults, six kids) and felt like making every room a
lot easier to wire for TV. Rather than place a satellite receiver in
each room, I'd provide all the common channels on a normal cable, like
cable companies do. In my garage, I set up three racks of satellite
receivers. I paid for one receiver to access CNN. I paid for another to
access TNT. I paid for others to access HBO and other such networks. I
had about 30 or 40 channels done this way. I had modulators to put each
of these channels onto standard cable TV channels on one cable, which
was distributed throughout my home. I could buy any TV I liked and plug
it in anywhere in the home and it immediately watch everything without
having to install another satellite receiver in that room. I literally
had my own cable TV 'company' in the garage, which I called Woz TV,
except that I even kept signals in stereo, a quality step that virtually
every cable company skipped.
Then I got this idea that I could pretty easily run my signal through
the wires in conduits up and down our 60-home neighborhood. The
neighborhood had been partially wired for cable before the cable company
went bankrupt as the neighborhood was being developed. I phoned HBO and
asked how much they would charge me just to be a nice guy and share my
signal with 60 neighbors. What came back was an answer that I couldn't
do such a personal thing. I had to be a cable company charging my
neighbors certain rates and then a percentage of what I was charging,
with minimums, had to be paid for HBO. I instantly realized that you
couldn't do something nice in your garage as a normal person and I gave
up the idea.
The Internet has become as important as anything man has ever created. But those freedoms are being chipped away.
When young, I remember clearly how my father told me why our country
was so great, mainly based on the constitution and Bill of Rights. Over
my lifetime, I've seen those rights disregarded at every step. Loopholes
abound. It's sad. For example, my (Eisenhower Republican) father
explained the sanctity of your home and how it could not easily be
entered. It was your own private abode. And you had a right to listen to
any radio signals that came because the air was free and if it came
into your home you had a right to listen to it. That principle went away
with a ban on radios that could tune in cell phone frequencies in the
days of analog cell phones. Nobody but myself seemed to treat this as a
core principle that was too much to give up.
I was also taught that space, and the moon, were free and open.
Nobody owned them. No country owned them. I loved this concept of the
purest things in the universe being unowned.
The early Internet was so accidental, it also was free and open in
this sense. The Internet has become as important as anything man has
ever created. But those freedoms are being chipped away.
Please, I beg
you, open your senses to the will of the people to keep the Internet as
free as possible.
Local ISP's should provide connection to the Internet
but then it should be treated as though you own those wires and can
choose what to do with them when and how you want to, as long as you
don't destruct them. I don't want to feel that whichever content
supplier had the best government connections or paid the most money
determined what I can watch and for how much. This is the monopolistic
approach and not representative of a truly free market in the case of
today's Internet.
Imagine that when we started Apple we set things up so that we could
charge purchasers of our computers by the number of bits they use. The
personal computer revolution would have been delayed a decade or more.
If I had to pay for each bit I used on my 6502 microprocessor, I would
not have been able to build my own computers anyway. What if we paid for
our roads per mile that we drove? It would be fair and understandable
to charge more for someone who drives more. But one of the most
wonderful things in our current life is getting in the car and driving
anywhere we feel like at this moment, and with no accounting for cost.
You just get in your car and go. This is one of the most popular themes
of our life and even our popular music. It's a type of freedom from some
concerns that makes us happy and not complain. The roads are already
paid for. You rarely hear people complain that roads are "free." The
government shines when it comes to having provided us pathways to drive
around our country. We don't think of the roadways as being negative
like telecommunication carriers. It's a rare breath of fresh air.
I frequently speak to different types of audiences all over the
country. When I'm asked my feeling on Net Neutrality I tell the open
truth. When I was first asked to "sign on" with some good people
interested in Net Neutrality my initial thought was that the economic
system works better with tiered pricing for various customers. On the
other hand, I'm a founder of the EFF and I care a lot about individuals
and their own importance. Finally, the thought hit me that every time
and in every way that the telecommunications careers have had power or
control, we the people wind up getting screwed. Every audience that I
speak this statement and phrase to bursts into applause.
That's how the people think. They don't want this to encroach on their Internet freedom.
I was brought up being told that one of the main purposes of our
government is to help people who need help. When I was very young, this
made me prouder than anything else of my government. I felt that way
until the year that the San Jose Draft board voted 5-3 to call me
not
a student because I'd submitted my grades instead of the proper form,
and made me 1A for service in Vietnam. As soon as I got a safe draft
lottery number, they sent me a letter saying that they would grant me a
2S student deferment, because then they could get a shot at me in a
later year. What was this game? Why was the government doing this sort
of thing to a citizen? They aren't always about helping the people.
We have very few government agencies that the populace views as
looking out for them, the people. The FCC is one of these agencies that
is still wearing a white hat. Not only is current action on Net
Neutrality one of the most important times ever for the FCC, it's
probably the most momentous and watched action of any government agency
in memorable times in terms of setting our perception of whether the
government represents the wealthy powers or the average citizen, of
whether the government is good or is bad. This decision is important far
beyond the domain of the FCC itself.
Sincerely,
Steve Wozniak
- Steve Wozniak is a computer engineer who co-founded Apple
Computer, Inc. with Steve Jobs. He created the Apple I and Apple II
series computers in the mid-1970s. After earning the National Medal of
Technology in 1985, Wozniak left Apple to work on various business and
philanthropic ventures.